: SA × SB → SB: (sA(t), sB(t)) → sB(t+1). sA here plays the role of the input of B. In general, B will not only be affected by an outside system A, but in turn affect another (or the same) system C. This can be represented by another a transformation T’: SA × SB → SC : (sA(t), sB(t)) → sC(t+1). sC here plays the role of the output of B. For the outside observer, B is a process that transforms input into output. By experimenting with the sequence of inputs sA(t), sA(t+1), sA(t+2), ..., and observing the corresponding sequence of outputs sC(t+1), sCt+2), sCt+3), ..., the observer may try to reconstruct the dynamics of B. In many cases, the observer can determine a state space SB so that both transformations become deterministic