the Muse vs" The Mule"

Illusion of invulnerability – Creates excessive optimism that encourages taking extreme risks.

1. Collective rationalization – Members discount warnings and do not reconsider their assumptions.


 
2. Beliefs in inherent morality – Members believe in the rightness of their cause and therefore ignore the ethical or moral consequences of their decisions.
3. Stereotyped views of out-groups – Negative views of the “enemy” make effective responses to conflict seem unnecessary.
4. Direct pressure on dissenters – Members are under pressure not to express arguments against any of the group’s views.